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Mal agudo de montaña - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Edema cerebral por grandes alturas; Mal de la montaña; Anoxia por altitud; Mal de las alturas; Edema pulmonar a grandes alturas

Síntomas:

Los síntomas pueden ir desde leves hasta potencialmente mortales y pueden afectar el sistema nervioso, los pulmones, los músculos y el corazón.

En la mayoría de los casos, los síntomas son leves. Los síntomas que generalmente están asociados con el mal agudo de montaña de leve a moderado son:

  • Dificultad para dormir.
  • Mareo o sensación de vértigo.
  • Fatiga.
  • Dolor de cabeza.
  • Inapetencia.
  • Náuseas o vómitos.
  • Pulso rápido (frecuencia cardíaca).
  • Dificultad respiratoria con esfuerzo.

Los síntomas generalmente asociados con un mal agudo de montaña más severo abarcan:

  • Coloración azulada de la piel (cianosis).
  • Rigidez o congestión pectoral.
  • Confusión.
  • Tos.
  • Expectoración de sangre.
  • Disminución del estado de conciencia o aislamiento de la interacción social.
  • Tez pálida o grisácea.
  • Incapacidad para caminar en línea recta o incapacidad absoluta para caminar.
  • Dificultad respiratoria en reposo.

Pruebas y exámenes:

Escuchar el tórax con el estetoscopio ( auscultación) revela ruidos llamados crepitaciones (estertores) en el pulmón, lo cual puede ser un signo de líquido en los pulmones.

Igualmente, se puede realizar una radiografía de tórax.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/5/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hackett PH, Roach RC. High-altitude medicine. In: Auerbach PS, ed. Wilderness Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 1.

Schoene RB, Swenson ER. High Altitude. In: Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005: chap 65.

Wright A, Brearey S, Imray C. High hopes at high altitudes: pharmacotherapy for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary oedema. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9(1):119-127.

Yaron M, Honigman B. High-altitude medicine. In: Marx, JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa : Mosby Elsevier; 2006: chap 142.

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