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Edema pulmonar - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Congestión pulmonar; Congestión del pulmón; Agua en el pulmón

Definición:

Es una acumulación anormal de líquido en los alvéolos pulmonares que lleva a que se presente dificultad para respirar.

Causas:

El edema pulmonar generalmente es causado por insuficiencia cardíaca. A medida que el corazón deja de funcionar, la presión en las venas que pasan a través del pulmón comienza a elevarse.

A medida que la presión en estos vasos sanguíneos se incrementa, el líquido es empujado hacia los espacios de aire (alvéolos) en los pulmones. Este líquido interrumpe el movimiento normal del oxígeno a través de los pulmones, provocando dificultad para respirar.

El edema pulmonar puede ser causado por:

  • Daño al pulmón causado por gas tóxico o infección grave
  • Ciertos medicamentos
  • Lesión mayor
  • Insuficiencia renal
  • Hacer ejercicio a grandes alturas

El edema pulmonar también puede deberse a:

  • Ataque cardíaco
  • Válvulas cardíacas permeables o estrechas (válvulas aórtica o mitral)
  • Cualquier enfermedad cardíaca que ocasione ya sea debilitamiento o rigidez del miocardio (miocardiopatía)
  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Referencias

O'Brien JF, Falk JL. Heart failure. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 79.

Matthay MA, Martin TR. Pulmonary edema and acute lung injury. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 55.

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