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Asma - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Asma bronquial; Asma inducido por el ejercicio

Prevención:

Los síntomas de asma se pueden reducir sustancialmente evitando los desencadenantes y las sustancias que irritan las vías respiratorias.

  • Cubra las camas con fundas "a prueba de alergias" para reducir la exposición a los ácaros del polvo.
  • Quite los tapetes de las alcobas y aspire regularmente.
  • Use sólo detergentes y materiales de limpieza sin fragancia en el hogar.
  • Mantenga los niveles de humedad bajos y arregle los escapes. Esto puede reducir la proliferación de organismos como el moho.
  • Mantenga la casa limpia y conserve los alimentos en recipientes y fuera de los dormitorios. Esto ayuda a reducir la posibilidad de cucarachas, las cuales pueden desencadenar ataques de asma en algunas personas.
  • Si una persona es alérgica a un animal que no se puede sacar de la casa, éste debe mantenerse fuera de la alcoba. En las salidas de la calefacción, coloque un material de filtro para atrapar la caspa animal.
  • Elimine de la casa el humo del tabaco. Esta es la cosa más importante que una familia puede hacer para ayudar a un hijo con el asma. Fumar fuera de la casa no es suficiente. Los miembros de la familia y visitantes que fuman afuera transportan residuos del humo del tabaco hacia adentro en sus ropas y cabello, lo cual puede desencadenar síntomas de asma.

Las personas con asma también deben evitar en lo posible la contaminación atmosférica, los polvos industriales y otros vapores irritantes.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Referencias

Lugogo N, Que LG, Fertel D, Kraft M. Asthma. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 38.

Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bonini S, Canonica GW, Casale TB, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Sep;126(3):466-76.

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Rockville, MD. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2007. NIH publication 08-4051.

Wechsler ME. Managing asthma in primary care: putting new guideline recommendations into context. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:707-717.

Fanta CH. Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1002-1014.

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