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Síndrome de Goodpasture - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad por anticuerpos contra la membrana basal glomerular; Glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva con hemorragia pulmonar; Síndrome renal pulmonar; Hemorragia pulmonar por glomerulonefritis

Definición:

El síndrome de Goodpasture es una rara enfermedad que puede involucrar insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva junto con enfermedad pulmonar.

Sin embargo, algunas formas de la enfermedad comprometen sólo al pulmón o al riñón y no a ambos.

Causas:

El síndrome de Goodpasture es un trastorno autoinmunitario, una afección que ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca por error y destruye tejidos corporales sanos. Las personas con este síndrome desarrollan sustancias que atacan a una proteína llamada colágeno presente en los diminutos sacos de aire en los pulmones y en las unidades de filtración (glomérulos) de los riñones.

Estas sustancias se denominan anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular. La membrana basal glomerular es una parte de los riñones que ayuda a filtrar los desechos y líquido extra de la sangre. Los anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular son anticuerpos contra dicha membrana y pueden llevar a que se presente daño renal.

Algunas veces, el trastorno se desencadena por una infección respiratoria viral o por la inhalación de disolventes de hidrocarburos. En tales casos, el sistema inmunitario puede atacar los órganos o tejidos dado que los confunde con estos virus o químicos extraños.

La respuesta errónea del sistema inmunitario causa sangrado en los sacos de aire e inflamación en las unidades de filtración de los riñones.

Los hombres tienen una probabilidad ocho veces mayor que las mujeres de resultar afectados y la enfermedad ocurre con mayor frecuencia a comienzos de la adultez.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/13/2009
  • Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Appel GB, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agatis V. Secondary Glomerular Disease. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner: Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap.31.

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