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Neumonía - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Bronconeumonía; Neumonía extrahospitalaria

Prevención:

Lávese las manos frecuentemente, en especial después de:

  • Sonarse la nariz
  • Ir al baño
  • Cambiar pañales

Igualmente lávese las manos antes de comer o preparar alimentos.

No fume, ya que el tabaco daña la capacidad del pulmón para detener la infección.

Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la neumonía en los niños, los ancianos y personas con diabetes, asma, enfisema, VIH, cáncer u otras afecciones crónicas:

  • Una droga llamada Synagis (palivizumab) se le administra a algunos niños menores de 24 meses para prevenir neumonía causada por el virus sincicial respiratorio.
  • Vacuna antigripal que previene la neumonía y otros problemas causados por el virus de la influenza. Se debe administrar anualmente para proteger a la persona contra nuevas cepas virales.
  • Vacuna Hib que previene la neumonía en niños a causa del Haemophilus influenzae tipo b.
  • Vacuna antineumocócica (Pneumovax, Prevnar) reduce las probabilidades de contraer neumonía a causa del Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Si usted tiene cáncer o VIH, hable con el médico acerca de las formas de prevenir la neumonía y otras infecciones.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Van der Poll T, Opal SM. Pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia. Lancet. 2009;374:1543-1556.

Niederman M. In the clinic. Community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(7).

Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72.

Torres A, Menéndez R, Wunderink R. Pyogenic bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 32.

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