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Neumonía adquirida en el hospital - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Neumonía nosocomial o intrahospitalaria; Neumonía asociada al uso de un respirador; Neumonía asociada a la atención médica

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento está encaminado a curar la infección con antibióticos. El antibiótico se selecciona con base en el germen específico detectado en un cultivo de esputo.

Sin embargo, no siempre se puede identificar la bacteria con exámenes. Se administra la terapia con antibióticos para combatir las bacterias más comunes que infectan a los pacientes hospitalizados, teniendo en cuenta las más comunes en cada hospital: Staphylococcus aureus y bacterias gramnegativas.

El tratamiento complementario incluye:

  • Oxígeno.
  • Tratamientos pulmonares para aflojar y remover las secreciones espesas de los pulmones.

Pronóstico:

La mayoría de los pacientes responden al tratamiento y mejoran al cabo de dos semanas; sin embargo, la neumonía adquirida en el hospital puede ser muy grave y algunas veces potencialmente mortal.

Los pacientes que también tienen muchas otras afecciones serias no evolucionan igual de bien.

Posibles complicaciones:

Los pacientes ancianos o muy débiles que no responden al tratamiento pueden morir a causa de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda causada por la neumonía.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/19/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Unviersity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Feb 15;171(4):388-416.

Craven DE, Chroneou A. Nosocomial pneumonia. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 303.

Chastre J, Luyt CE. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 33.

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