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Miocardiopatía isquémica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad cardíaca isquémica; Cardiomiopatía isquémica

Definición:

Es un término utilizado para describir a los pacientes cuyo corazón ya no bombea suficiente sangre al resto del cuerpo debido a una arteriopatía coronaria.

La arteriopatía coronaria es un estrechamiento de los pequeños vasos sanguíneos que suministran sangre y oxígeno al corazón.

Estos pacientes a menudo presentan insuficiencia cardíaca.

Causas:

La miocardiopatía isquémica es causada por cardiopatía coronaria, la acumulación de una sustancia dura llamada placa en las arterias que van al corazón. Esto también se puede denominar arterioesclerosis.

Cuando las arterias que traen sangre y oxígeno al corazón se bloquean o están muy estrechas, con el tiempo, el miocardio no trabaja tan bien. Puede resultar más difícil para el corazón llenarse y bombear sangre al cuerpo. Los pacientes con esta afección por lo regular tienen un antecedente de ataques cardíacos o angina (dolor torácico).

La miocardiopatía isquémica es una causa común de insuficiencia cardíaca y es el tipo más común de miocardiopatía en los Estados Unidos. Casi siempre afecta a las personas de mediana edad y ancianos.

Para conocer los factores de riesgo, ver: cardiopatía coronaria.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/23/2011
  • Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Morrow DA, Boden WE. Stable ischemic heart disease. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Saunders Elsevier;2011:chap 57.

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