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Pericarditis después de un ataque cardíaco - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Dressler; Pericarditis posinfarto al miocardio; Síndrome de lesión cardíaca posterior; Pericarditis poscardiotomía

Definición:

La pericarditis es una hinchazón e inflamación de la cubierta del corazón (pericardio) y es una afección que se puede presentar en los días o semanas siguientes a un ataque cardíaco.

Ver también: pericarditis bacteriana

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Se pueden presentar dos tipos de pericarditis después de un ataque cardíaco.

El primer tipo de pericarditis ocurre con mayor frecuencia al cabo de 2 a 5 días después de un ataque cardíaco. Cuando el cuerpo trata de limpiar el tejido cardíaco enfermo, se presenta hinchazón e inflamación.

El segundo tipo de pericarditis también se denomina síndrome de Dressler (o síndrome de lesión poscardíaca o pericarditis poscardiotomía) y ocurre varias semanas o meses después de un ataque cardíaco, cirugía cardíaca u otro traumatismo al corazón. Se cree que el síndrome de Dressler es causado por el sistema inmunitario que ataca el área.

El dolor se presenta cuando el pericardio resulta inflamado (hinchado) y roza el corazón.

Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de pericarditis si ha tenido un ataque cardíaco previo, una cirugía a corazón abierto o un traumatismo torácico o si el ataque cardíaco afectó el espesor del miocardio.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/10/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unviersity of Washington School of Medicine; and Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Anderson JL. ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and complications of myocardial infarction. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 72.

Manning WJ. Pericardial disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 77.

LeWinter MM. Pericardial disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 70.

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