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Shock hipovolémico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Choque hipovolémico

Definición:

Un shock hipovolémico es una afección de emergencia en la cual la pérdida severa de sangre y líquido hace que el corazón sea incapaz de bombear suficiente sangre al cuerpo. Este tipo de shock puede hacer que muchos órganos dejen de funcionar.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La pérdida de aproximadamente una quinta parte o más del volumen normal de sangre en el cuerpo causa un shock hipovolémico.

La pérdida de sangre puede deberse a:

Sangrado de las heridas
Sangrado de otras lesiones
Sangrado interno, como en el caso de una hemorragia del tracto gastrointestinal

La cantidad de sangre circulante en el cuerpo puede disminuir cuando se pierde demasiada cantidad de otros líquidos corporales, lo cual puede suceder con:

Quemaduras
Diarrea
Transpiración excesiva
Vómitos

Reviewed last on: 1/14/2010
Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Maier RV. Approach to the patient with shock. In: Fauci AS, Harrison TR, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008:chap 264.

Spaniol JR, Knight AR, Zebley JL, Anderson D, Pierce JD. Fluid resuscitation therapy for hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Nurs. 2007;14:152-156.

Tarrant AM, Ryan MF, Hamilton PA, Bejaminov O. A pictorial review of hypovolaemic shock in adults. Br J Radiol. 2008;81:252-257.

den Uil CA, Klijn E, Lagrand WK, Brugts JJ, Ince C, Spronk PE, Simoons ML. The microcirculation in health and critical disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;51:161-170.

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