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Regurgitación mitral aguda - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Insuficiencia mitral; Insuficiencia mitral aguda

Definición:

Es un trastorno en el cual la válvula mitral del corazón de repente no cierra apropiadamente, haciendo que la sangre se devuelva (se filtre) hacia la cámara superior del corazón cuando la cámara inferior izquierda se contrae.

Ver también: regurgitación mitral crónica

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La regurgitación significa que hay escape o filtración de una válvula que no cierra por completo. Las enfermedades que debilitan o dañan la válvula o sus estructuras de soporte causan la regurgitación mitral.

Cuando la válvula mitral no se cierra por completo, la sangre fluye en forma retrógrada o se devuelve hacia la cámara (aurícula) superior izquierda del corazón, lo cual lleva a una disminución del flujo sanguíneo al resto del cuerpo. Como resultado, es posible que el corazón trate de bombear con más fuerza.

La regurgitación mitral aguda puede ser causada por disfunción o lesión a la válvula después de un ataque cardíaco o una infección de la válvula cardíaca ( endocarditis infecciosa). Estas afecciones pueden ocasionar la ruptura de la válvula o las estructuras circundantes, dejando una abertura para que la sangre se devuelva.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/4/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Karchmer AW. Infectious endocarditis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 63.

Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:676-685.

Fullerton DA, Harken AH. Acquired heart disease: valvular. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 28th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 62.

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