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Insuficiencia aórtica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Regurgitación aórtica; Prolapso de la válvula aórtica

Definición:

Es una valvulopatía cardíaca en la cual la válvula aórtica se debilita o se abomba, impidiendo que dicha válvula cierre herméticamente. Esto lleva a que se presente el flujo retrógrado de sangre desde la aorta (el vaso sanguíneo más grande) hacia el ventrículo izquierdo (la cámara inferior izquierda del corazón).

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La insuficiencia aórtica puede ser producto de cualquier afección que debilite la válvula aórtica. La dolencia provoca dilatación (ensanchamiento) de la cámara inferior izquierda del corazón, que continúa empeorando con el tiempo. A medida que esta área del corazón se dilata, tiene menos capacidad de bombear sangre al resto de la aorta y el corazón trata de compensar este problema enviando cantidades mayores de sangre con cada contracción cardíaca, llevando a que se presente un pulso fuerte y forzado (pulso saltón).

En el pasado, la fiebre reumática era la principal causa de insuficiencia aórtica. Ahora que se utilizan antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, se observan con más frecuencia otras causas.

Las causas de insuficiencia aórtica pueden comprender:

La insuficiencia aórtica afecta aproximadamente a 5 de cada 10.000 personas y es más común en hombres entre las edades de 30 y 60 años.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/7/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Karchmer AW. Infectious endocarditis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 63.

Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorced by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:676-685.

Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al; 2006 Writing Committee Members; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Sosciety of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;118:e523-e661.

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