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Insuficiencia aórtica - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Regurgitación aórtica; Prolapso de la válvula aórtica

Tratamiento:

Si no hay síntomas o si son leves, es posible que sólo se necesite una ecocardiografía de vez en cuando y control por parte del médico.

Si la presión arterial es alta, entonces el tratamiento con ciertos medicamentos antihipertensivos puede ayudar a disminuir el empeoramiento de la regurgitación aórtica.

Se pueden recetar inhibidores ECA y diuréticos para síntomas más moderados o severos.

En el pasado, a la mayoría de los pacientes con problemas de válvulas cardíaca se les administraban antibióticos antes de trabajos dentales o un procedimiento invasivo, como una colonoscopia. Los antibióticos se administraban para prevenir una infección del corazón dañado. Sin embargo, los antibióticos ahora se utilizan con menor frecuencia antes de trabajos dentales y otros procedimientos.

Se puede recomendar la restricción de la actividad moderada. Las personas con síntomas severos deben evitar la actividad extenuante.

La cirugía para reparar o reemplazar la válvula aórtica corrige la insuficiencia de la aorta. La decisión para llevar a cabo este reemplazo depende de los síntomas y del estado y funcionamiento del corazón.

La cirugía para reparar la aorta se puede requerir si la afección es causada por trastornos en dicha arteria.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La insuficiencia aórtica es curable mediante la reparación quirúrgica. Esta intervención puede aliviar los síntomas por completo a menos que se presente insuficiencia cardíaca severa o se desarrollen otras complicaciones. Sin tratamiento, los pacientes con angina o insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva tienen un pronóstico desalentador.

Complicaciones:

  • Insuficiencia cardíaca izquierda
  • Edema pulmonar (líquido en los pulmones)
  • Endocarditis

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si:

  • Tiene síntomas de insuficiencia aórtica.
  • Padece insuficiencia aórtica y los síntomas empeoran o se desarrollan síntomas nuevos, especialmente dolor torácico, dificultad respiratoria o edema (inflamación).
  • Reviewed last on: 5/7/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Karchmer AW. Infectious endocarditis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 63.

Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorced by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:676-685.

Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al; 2006 Writing Committee Members; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Sosciety of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;118:e523-e661.

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