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Prolapso de la válvula mitral - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Barlow; Válvula mitral floja; Válvula mitral mixomatosa; Síndrome de clic-soplo sistólico; Síndrome del prolapso de la valva mitral

Definición:

Es un problema cardíaco en el cual la válvula que separa las cámaras superior e inferior del lado izquierdo del corazón no se cierra en forma apropiada.

Causas:

La válvula mitral ayuda a que la sangre del lado izquierdo del corazón fluya en una dirección y se cierra para impedir que la sangre se devuelva cuando el corazón late (se contrae).

El prolapso de la válvula mitral es el término usado cuando la válvula no se cierra adecuadamente y puede ser causado por muchas cosas diferentes. En la mayoría de los casos, es inofensivo y los pacientes por lo general no saben que tienen el problema. Hasta el 10% de la población tiene alguna forma menor e insignificante de prolapso de la válvula mitral, pero generalmente no afecta el estilo de vida.

En un pequeño número de casos, el prolapso puede hacer que la sangre se filtre y se devuelva, lo cual se denomina regurgitación mitral.

Las válvulas mitrales que son estructuralmente anormales pueden aumentar el riesgo de infección bacteriana.

Algunas formas del prolapso de la válvula mitral parecen transmitirse de padres a hijos (hereditarias). Asimismo, se ha asociado esta afección con la enfermedad de Graves.

El prolapso de la válvula mitral a menudo afecta a mujeres delgadas que pueden tener deformidades menores de la pared torácica, escoliosis u otros trastornos.

Este prolapso está asociado con algunos trastornos del tejido conectivo, especialmente el síndrome de Marfan. Otras afecciones abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 5/4/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1-148.

Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Lytle BW, O'Gara PT, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:676-685.

Karchmer AW. Infective endocarditis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 63.

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