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Disección aórtica - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Aneurisma aórtico disecante

Tratamiento:

El objetivo del tratamiento es prevenir complicaciones y se requiere la hospitalización.

Las disecciones aórticas tipo A requieren cirugía inmediata para reparar la aorta, mientras que las disecciones aórticas tipo B se pueden tratar primero con medicamentos.

Se pueden recetar fármacos que reducen la presión arterial, los cuales se pueden administrar por vía intravenosa. Generalmente, se necesitan analgésicos potentes. Los medicamentos cardíacos, como los betabloqueadores, pueden reducir algunos de los síntomas.

Si la válvula aórtica está dañada, es necesario realizar una valvuloplastia y, en caso de existir compromiso de las arterias del corazón, se lleva a cabo igualmente una revascularización coronaria.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La disección aórtica es potencialmente mortal. El trastorno se puede manejar con cirugía si ésta se realiza antes de que se presente la ruptura de la aorta. Menos de la mitad de los pacientes que sufren ruptura aórtica logran sobrevivir.

Complicaciones:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Si tiene síntomas de una disección aórtica o un fuerte dolor torácico, llame al número local de emergencias (el 911 en los Estados Unidos) o trasládese hasta la sala de urgencias lo más rápido posible.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/4/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided byVeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Poonyagariyagorn H, Hook M, Bhatt DL. Cardiovascular emergencies. In: Cleveland Clinic: Current Clinical Medicine 2009. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 14.

Ankel F. Aortic dissection. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2009:chap 83.

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