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Fibriloaleteo auricular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Fibrilación/flúter auricular; Fibrilación auricular

Definición:

Es un tipo común de latido cardíaco anormal en el cual el ritmo cardíaco es rápido e irregular.

Causas:

En condiciones normales, las cuatro cámaras del corazón (dos aurículas y dos ventrículos) se contraen (comprimen) de una forma organizada, de manera que el corazón pueda bombear toda la sangre que el cuerpo necesita sin esforzarse demasiado.

El impulso eléctrico que le da la señal al corazón para contraerse empieza en el nódulo sinoauricular (también llamado nódulo sinusal o nódulo SA). Este nódulo es el marcapasos natural del corazón.

  • La señal sale del nódulo SA y viaja a través de las dos cámaras superiores del corazón(aurículas).
  • Luego, la señal atraviesa otro nódulo (nódulo AV), y finalmente, pasa a través de las cámaras inferiores (ventrículos).

En la fibrilación auricular, el impulso eléctrico del corazón no es regular. Las aurículas se contraen muy rápidamente y no en un patrón regular. Esto hace que los ventrículos latan anormalmente, llevando a que se presente un pulso irregular y, por lo general, rápido. Como resultado, el corazón no puede bombear tanta sangre como el cuerpo necesita.

En el aleteo auricular, los ventrículos pueden latir muy rápidamente, pero en un patrón regular.

Si el fibriloaleteo auricular es parte de una afección denominada síndrome del seno enfermo, es posible que el nódulo sinusal no trabaje apropiadamente. La frecuencia cardíaca puede alternar entre palpitaciones lentas y rápidas. Como resultado, puede no haber suficiente sangre para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo.

La fibrilación auricular puede afectar tanto a hombres como a mujeres y se vuelve más común con la edad.

Otras causas de la fibrilación auricular abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 5/18/2011
  • Steven Kang, MD, Division of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, East Bay Arrhythmia, Cardiovascular Consultants Medical Group, Oakland, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Lafuente-Lafuente C, Mah I, Extramiana F. Management of atrial fibrillation. BMJ. 2009;b5216.

Dobrev D, Nattel S. New antiarrhythmic drugs for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2010;375:1212-1223.

Crandall MA, Bradley DJ, Packer DL, Asirvatham SJ. Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation: update on anticoagulation and invasive management strategies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:643-662.

Noheria A, Kumar A, Wylie JV Jr., Josephson ME. Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:581-586.

Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in partnership with the European Society of Cardiology and in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:e101-198.

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