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Taquicardia ventricular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Taquicardia de complejo amplio; Taquicardia en los ventrículos

Definición:

Es un latido cardíaco rápido que se inicia en los ventrículos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La taquicardia ventricular es una tasa de pulsos de más de 100 latidos por minuto, con al menos tres latidos cardíacos irregulares consecutivos.

La afección se puede desarrollar como una complicación temprana o tardía de un ataque cardíaco y también puede ocurrir en pacientes con:

La taquicardia ventricular se puede presentar en ausencia de una enfermedad cardíaca.

El tejido cicatricial se puede formar en el músculo de los ventrículos días, meses o años después del ataque cardíaco. Esto puede llevar a taquicardia ventricular.

La taquicardia ventricular también puede ser causada por:

  • Medicamentos antiarrítmicos
  • Cambios en la química sanguínea (como un bajo nivel de potasio)
  • Cambios en el pH (ácido-básico)
  • Oxígeno insuficiente

La "Torsade de Pointes" (taquicardia ventricular en entorchado) es una forma de taquicardia ventricular que a menudo se debe a una cardiopatía congénita o al uso de ciertos medicamentos.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/6/2010
  • Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Treatment. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP. Libby: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 35.

Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. ACC/AHA,HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC?AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices): developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 117:e350-e408.

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