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Coartación de la aorta - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Coartación aórtica

Definición:

Es un estrechamiento de parte de la aorta (la mayor arteria que sale del corazón) y es un tipo de defecto congénito. Coartación significa estrechamiento.

Causas:

La aorta lleva sangre desde el corazón hasta los vasos sanguíneos que irrigan el cuerpo con sangre y nutrientes. Si parte de esta arteria se estrecha, es difícil que la sangre pueda pasar a través de ella.

La coartación aórtica es más común en personas con ciertos trastornos genéticos, como el síndrome de Turner. Sin embargo, esta afección también puede deberse a defectos congénitos de las válvulas aórticas.

La coartación aórtica es una de las afecciones cardíacas más comunes que están presentes al nacer (afecciones cardíacas congénitas). Suele diagnosticarse en niños o adultos menores de 40 años.

La coartación de la aorta se puede ver con otros defectos cardíacos congénitos, como:

  • Válvula aórtica bicúspide
  • Defectos en los cuales sólo un ventrículo está presente
  • Comunicación interventricular
  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Fraser CD Jr., Carberry KE. Congenital heart disease. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 60.

In: Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Macartney FJ, Rigby ML, eds. Paediatric Cardiology. 3rd. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier;2009:chap 46.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, et al. Congenital heart disease. Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007: chap 61.

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