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Angina estable - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Angina crónica; Angina pectoral

Prevención:

El médico le puede solicitar que tome nitroglicerina unos cuantos minutos antes si usted planea llevar a cabo una actividad que pueda desencadenar el dolor de la angina.

La mejor manera de prevenir la angina consiste en reducir el riesgo de cardiopatía coronaria:

  • Evitar o reducir el estrés tanto como se pueda.
  • Controlar la presión arterial, la diabetes y el colesterol.
  • Consumir comidas bien balanceadas que sean bajas en grasa y colesterol e incluir varias porciones de frutas y verduras diariamente.
  • Hacer ejercicio regular. Si su peso es normal, haga al menos 30 minutos de ejercicio todos los días. Sin embargo, hable con el médico antes de comenzar o incrementar su actividad o nivel de ejercicio.
  • Bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso.
  • Dejar de fumar.

Las cantidades moderadas de alcohol (un vaso al día para las mujeres, dos para los hombres) pueden reducir su riesgo de problemas cardíacos. Sin embargo, beber cantidades más grandes hace más mal que bien.

La reducción de los factores de riesgo de cardiopatía puede prevenir el empeoramiento de las obstrucciones y puede disminuir su gravedad, lo cual reduce el dolor anginoso.

Las nuevas pautas ya no recomiendan ninguna hormonoterapia, vitaminas E o C, antioxidantes ni ácido fólico para prevenir la cardiopatía. El uso de la hormonoterapia en mujeres que están cerca de la menopausia o que ya la han finalizado es polémico en este momento.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/23/2011
  • Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Fraker TD Jr, Fihn SD, Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J et al. 2007 chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Group to develop the focused update of the 2002 Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. Circulation. 2007;116:2762-2772.

Morrow DA, Boden WE. Stable ischemic heart disease. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 57.

Becker RC, Meade TW, Berger PB, Ezekowitz M, O'Connor CM, Vorchheimer DA, et al. The primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):776S-814S.

Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:961-972. Epub 2009 Feb 18.

Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bezanson JL, Dolor RJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women -- 2011 update: A guideline from the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57:1404-1423.

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