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Angina estable - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Angina crónica; Angina pectoral

Síntomas:

Los síntomas de la angina estable con frecuencia son predecibles. Esto significa que la misma cantidad de ejercicio o actividad puede hacer que se presente la angina. Su angina debe mejorar o desaparecer cuando usted suspende o disminuye el ejercicio.

El síntoma más común es el dolor torácico que ocurre detrás del esternón o ligeramente hacia la izquierda. El dolor de la angina estable por lo regular comienza de manera lenta y empeora en los siguientes minutos antes de desaparecer.

El dolor se puede sentir como rigidez, opresión, dolor opresivo o constrictivo y puede irradiarse a:

  • El brazo (por lo regular el izquierdo).
  • La espalda.
  • La mandíbula.
  • El cuello.
  • El hombro.

Algunas personas dicen que el dolor se siente como indigestión o gases.

Algunos pacientes (mujeres, adultos mayores y diabéticos) pueden tener diferentes síntomas, tales como:

  • Dolor de espalda, brazo o cuello.
  • Fatiga.
  • Dificultad para respirar.
  • Debilidad.

El dolor de la angina estable normalmente:

  • Ocurre después de actividad o estrés.
  • Dura en promedio de 1 a 15 minutos.
  • Se alivia con descanso o con un medicamento llamado nitroglicerina.

Los ataques de angina pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento durante el día, pero un alto número ocurre entre las 6 de la mañana y el mediodía.

Otros síntomas de angina abarcan:

  • Una sensación de indigestión o acidez gástrica.
  • Vértigo o mareo.
  • Náuseas, vómitos y sudoración.
  • Palpitaciones.
  • Dificultad para respirar.
  • Cansancio inexplicable después de actividad (más común en mujeres).

Pruebas y exámenes:

El médico llevará a cabo un examen físico y medirá la presión arterial. Se pueden hacer los siguientes exámenes para diagnosticar o descartar una angina:

  • Reviewed last on: 5/23/2011
  • Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Fraker TD Jr, Fihn SD, Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J et al. 2007 chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Group to develop the focused update of the 2002 Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. Circulation. 2007;116:2762-2772.

Morrow DA, Boden WE. Stable ischemic heart disease. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 57.

Becker RC, Meade TW, Berger PB, Ezekowitz M, O'Connor CM, Vorchheimer DA, et al. The primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):776S-814S.

Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:961-972. Epub 2009 Feb 18.

Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bezanson JL, Dolor RJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women -- 2011 update: A guideline from the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57:1404-1423.

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