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Cáncer gástrico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cáncer del estómago; Cáncer estomacal; Carcinoma gástrico; Adenocarcinoma del estómago

Definición:

Es el cáncer que comienza en el estómago.

Causas:

Hay diferentes tipos de cáncer que pueden ocurrir en el estómago. El más común se denomina adenocarcinoma, el cual comienza a partir de uno de los tipos comunes de células en el revestimiento del estómago.

Hay varios tipos de adenocarcinoma. Debido a que otras formas de cáncer gástrico se presentan con menos frecuencia, este artículo se centra en el adenocarcinoma del estómago.

El adenocarcinoma del estómago es un cáncer común del tubo digestivo que se presenta en todo el mundo, aunque es relativamente raro en los Estados Unidos. Ocurre con mayor frecuencia en hombres mayores de 40 años y es un tipo de cáncer gástrico extremadamente común en Japón, Chile e Islandia.

En los Estados Unidos, la tasa de la mayoría de los tipos de adenocarcinomas gástricos ha disminuido con el pasar de los años. Los expertos piensan que la disminución puede deberse a que la gente está comiendo menos alimentos curados, salados y ahumados.

Los factores de riesgo asociados con el cáncer gástrico son:

  • Antecedente familiar de esta enfermedad.
  • Infección por Helicobacter pylori (una bacteria común que también puede causar úlceras gástricas).
  • Antecedentes previos de un pólipo gástrico adenomatoso de un tamaño mayor a dos centímetros.
  • Antecedentes de gastritis atrófica crónica.
  • antecedentes de anemia perniciosa.
  • Tabaquismo.
  • Reviewed last on: 12/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Rustgi AK. Neoplasms of the stomach. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 202.

Gunderson LL, Donohue JH, Alberts SR. Cancer of the stomach. In: Abeloff MD, et al., eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 79.

National Cancer Institute. Gastric cancer treatment PDQ. Updated July 8, 2010.

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