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Enteritis por Campylobacter - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Diarrea bacteriana; Diarrea infecciosa por Campylobacter; Enteritis por Campylobacter a causa de intoxicación por alimentos

Tratamiento:

La infección típicamente desaparece por sí sola y generalmente no se trata con antibióticos. Los síntomas severos pueden responder a un tratamiento con antibióticos como acitromicina o ciprofloxacino.

Las medidas de cuidados personales para evitar la deshidratación consisten en ingerir soluciones de electrolitos para reponer los líquidos perdidos con la diarrea. Las personas con diarrea, especialmente los niños, que no pueden tomar líquidos por vía oral debido a las náuseas, pueden necesitar atención médica y líquidos por vía intravenosa.

Las personas que toman diuréticos deben tener cuidado cuando tengan diarrea y es posible que necesiten suspender el medicamento durante el episodio agudo, si el médico así lo ha indicado.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La mayoría de los pacientes se recupera en un período de 5 a 8 días.

Complicaciones:

Las personas inmunodeprimidas que presentan esta afección son más vulnerables a la sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis y tromboflebitis, a raíz de la diseminación de las bacterias dentro del torrente sanguíneo.

Algunos pacientes contraerán una forma de artritis llamada reactiva después de una infección de enteritis por Campylobacter.

Asimismo, aproximadamente 1 de cada 1,000 pacientes con enteritis por Campylobacter desarrolla un problema neurológico que ocasiona parálisis, llamado síndrome de Guillain-Barré. La parálisis asociada con este síndrome generalmente es temporal, pero requiere atención médica.

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Solicite una cita con el médico si la diarrea reaparece o continúa por más de una semana o si hay sangre en las heces.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/25/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Allos BM, Blaser MJ. Campylobacter jejuni and related species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 216.

Craig SA, Zich DK. Gastroenteritis. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 92.

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