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Retención fecal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Impactación fecal o intestinal

Definición:

Es una gran masa de heces duras y secas que permanece atascada en el recto y casi siempre se ve en pacientes con estreñimiento prolongado.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El estreñimiento se presenta cuando usted no elimina las heces con la frecuencia que normalmente lo hace. Las heces se ponen duras y secas y es difícil evacuarlas.

La retención fecal se ve con frecuencia en personas que han tenido estreñimiento durante mucho tiempo y han estado usando laxantes. La retención es incluso más probable cuando los laxantes se suspenden repentinamente. Los músculos de los intestinos olvidan cómo movilizar la materia fecal o heces por sí solos.

Las personas en riesgo de estreñimiento crónico y retención fecal abarcan aquéllas que:

  • No se desplazan mucho a su alrededor y pasan la mayor parte de su tiempo en una silla o cama.
  • Tienen enfermedades del cerebro o del sistema nervioso que dañan los nervios que van a los músculos de los intestinos.

Ciertos fármacos hacen lento el paso de las heces a través de los intestinos:

  • Anticolinérgicos, los cuales afectan la interacción entre ciertos nervios y los músculos.
  • Antidiarreicos, si se toman con demasiada frecuencia.
  • Analgésico narcóticos, como metadona y codeína.
  • Reviewed last on: 1/31/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Lembo AJ, Ullman SP. Constipation. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010:chap 18.

Nelson H. Diseases of the rectum and anus. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 148.

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