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Perforación esofágica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Perforación del esófago

Definición:

La perforación esofágica es un orificio en el esófago, el tubo a través del cual el alimento pasa desde la boca hasta el estómago.

Causas:

Una perforación es un orificio a través del cual los contenidos del esófago pueden pasar al mediastino, el área alrededor del tórax. Esto a menudo ocasiona infección del mediastino (mediastinitis).

La causa más común de una perforación del esófago es una lesión durante un procedimiento médico. Sin embargo, debido a que actualmente se usan instrumentos flexibles, esto rara vez se presenta.

El esófago también puede resultar perforado como resultado de:

  • Un tumor
  • Reflujo gástrico con ulceración
  • Cirugía previa en el esófago
  • Tragarse un objeto extraño o químicos cáusticos, como limpiadores de uso doméstico, pilas de botón y ácido de batería
  • Traumatismo o lesión al tórax y al esófago
  • Vómitos violentos

Entre las causas menos comunes se encuentran las lesiones de golpes en el área del esófago (traumatismo cerrado) y lesión del esófago durante una operación en otro órgano cercano al esófago.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/13/2010
  • George F. Lonstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Eckstein M, Henderson SO. Thoracic trauma. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2009:chap 42.

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