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Celiaquía - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enteropatía por sensibilidad al gluten; Esprúe; Intolerancia al gluten; Esprúe celíaco

Definición:

Es una enfermedad que daña el revestimiento del intestino delgado e impide la absorción de partes de los alimentos que son importantes para permanecer saludables. El daño se debe a una reacción por ingerir gluten, el cual se encuentra en el trigo, la cebada, el centeno y posiblemente la avena.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Se desconoce la causa exacta de la celiaquía. El revestimiento de los intestinos contiene áreas llamadas vellosidades que ayudan a absorber los nutrientes. Cuando las personas con celiaquía consumen alimentos o usan productos que contienen gluten, su sistema inmunitario reacciona causando daño a estas vellosidades.

Este daño afecta la capacidad para absorber los nutrientes en forma apropiada. Una persona resulta desnutrida sin importar cuánto alimento consuma.

Esta enfermedad se puede desarrollar en cualquier momento de la vida desde la lactancia hasta la adultez avanzada.

Las personas con familiares que padezcan celiaquía están en mayor riesgo de padecer la enfermedad. Este trastorno es más común en las personas de raza blanca y de origen europeo. Asimismo, las mujeres resultan afectadas con mayor frecuencia que los hombres.

Las personas con celiaquía son más propensas a tener:

  • Reviewed last on: 1/20/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Green PH, Cellier C. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1731-1743.

Semrad CE, Powell DW. Approach to the patient with diarrhea and malabsorption. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 143.

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