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Angiodisplasia del colon - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Malformaciones arteriovenosas colónicas; Ectasia vascular del colon

Definición:

Es la presencia de vasos sanguíneos inflamados y frágiles en el colon que ocasionalmente provoca una hemorragia desde el tracto gastrointestinal (GI).

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La angiodisplasia del colon está en gran parte relacionada con el envejecimiento y la degeneración de los vasos sanguíneos. Por lo general, ocurre en adultos mayores y casi siempre se ve en el lado derecho del colon.

Hay diversas teorías acerca de la causa, pero la más probable es que los espasmos normales del colon llevan a una dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos en el área. Esta hinchazón se vuelve tan grave que se produce una comunicación pequeña y directa entre una arteria muy pequeña y una vena, lo que se denomina fístula arteriovenosa. Es en esta área de la pared del colon donde el paciente está en riesgo de sangrado.

La angiodisplasia del colon rara vez está relacionada con otras enfermedades vasculares, incluyendo el síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu. No está relacionada con cáncer y es diferente de la diverticulosis, una causa muy frecuente de sangrado intestinal en adultos mayores.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/2/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hauser S. Vascular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 146.

Brandt LJ, Landis CS. Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 36.

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