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Colitis ulcerativa - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (colitis ulcerativa); EII (colitis ulcerativa)

Síntomas:

Los síntomas varían en gravedad y pueden comenzar gradual o repentinamente. Aproximadamente la mitad de las personas sólo tienen síntomas leves. Otras tienen episodios más graves que ocurren con mayor frecuencia. Muchos factores pueden llevar a que se presenten ataques, incluyendo infecciones respiratorias o estrés físico.

Los síntomas abarcan:

  • Dolor abdominal y cólicos que normalmente desaparecen después de una evacuación
  • Borborigmos (un sonido de gorgoteo o chapoteo que se escucha sobre el intestino)
  • Sangre y pus en las heces
  • Diarrea, desde sólo unos cuantos episodios a diarrea muy frecuente durante todo el día
  • Fiebre
  • Tenesmo (dolor rectal)
  • Pérdida de peso

El crecimiento de los niños puede ser lento.

Otros síntomas que pueden ocurrir con la colitis ulcerativa abarcan los siguientes:

Pruebas y exámenes:

La colonoscopia con biopsia generalmente se utiliza para diagnosticar la colitis ulcerativa.

La colonoscopia también se utiliza para examinar a personas con colitis ulcerativa en busca de cáncer de colon, ya que esta enfermedad aumenta el riesgo de este tipo de cáncer. Si usted padece esta afección, debe hacerse examinar con colonoscopia aproximadamente de 8-12 años después de ser diagnosticado y que le realicen una colonoscopia de control cada 1 a 2 años.

Otros exámenes que se pueden hacer para ayudar a diagnosticar esta afección abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 12/13/2010
  • George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sands BE, Siegel CA. Crohn's disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt, LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010:chap 111.

Moyer MS. Chronic ulcerative colitis in childhood. J Pediatr. 2006;148:325.

Fry RD, Mahmoud N, Maron DJ, Ross HM, Rombeau J. Colon and rectum. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 50.

Rutgeerts P, Vermeire S, Van Assche G. Biological therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(4):1182-1197.

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