A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Colitis isquémica - All Information

Nombres alternativos

Isquemia del colon

Definición:

Es una hinchazón (inflamación) súbita de parte del intestino grueso (colon) que ocurre cuando hay un pérdida temporal o reducción en el flujo sanguíneo al colon.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La colitis isquémica afecta principalmente a personas mayores de 50 años, muchas de las cuales tienen antecedentes de enfermedad vascular periférica.

Otros factores de riesgo son:

Síntomas:

Signos y exámenes:

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento para la colitis isquémica leve a menudo consiste en:

  • Antibióticos
  • Dieta líquida al principio
  • Líquidos por vía intravenosa (IV)
  • Analgésicos

La colitis isquémica grave que lleva a la formación de gangrena se trata con:

  • Antibióticos
  • Reposición de la volemia
  • Cirugía para extirpar el área intestinal afectada

Expectativas (pronóstico):

La mayoría de los casos de colitis isquémica son leves, se resuelven espontáneamente y no requieren tratamiento quirúrgico.

La tasa de mortalidad es alta cuando se presenta gangrena debido a que no hay suficiente riego sanguíneo.

Complicaciones:

  • Gangrena del intestino
  • Agujero en el intestino (perforación)
  • Inflamación del revestimiento del abdomen (peritonitis)
  • Sepsis

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Llame al médico si presenta síntomas de colitis isquémica.

Prevención:

Ser consciente del riesgo puede facilitar el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos, pero la prevención absoluta puede no ser posible.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/20/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Mediicne, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hauser SC. Vascular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 146.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885