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Colitis seudomembranosa - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Colitis asociada con antibióticos; Colitis de tipo seudomembranosa; Colitis necrosante

Tratamiento:

El antibiótico u otro medicamento que cause la enfermedad se debe suspender. Generalmente, se emplea el metronidazol para tratar esta afección, pero también se pueden utilizar la vancomicina o la rifaximina.

Se pueden requerir soluciones electrolíticas o líquidos intravenosos para tratar la deshidratación debido a la diarrea. En raras ocasiones, se necesita una cirugía para tratar las infecciones que empeoran o que no responden a los antibióticos.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico generalmente es bueno si no se presentan complicaciones; sin embargo, hasta el 20% de las infecciones puede retornar, lo que requerirá un tratamiento adicional.

Complicaciones:

  • Deshidratación con desequilibrio electrolítico
  • Perforación (orificio a través) del colon
  • Megacolon tóxico

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si se presentan los siguientes síntomas:

  • Deposiciones con sangre después de tomar antibióticos
  • Cinco o más episodios de diarrea al día durante más de uno o dos días
  • Dolor abdominal severo
  • Signos de deshidratación (piel seca, boca seca, apariencia vidriosa de los ojos, fontanelas hundidas en la parte superior de la cabeza de los bebés, pulso acelerado, confusión, cansancio excesivo)
  • Reviewed last on: 4/12/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Aslam S. An update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 2006;35(2):315-335.

Bartlett JG. Clostridial infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa : Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 319.

Thielman NM, Wilson KH. Antibiotic-associated colitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 96.

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