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Obstrucción de las vías biliares - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Obstrucción biliar

Definición:

Es un bloqueo en los conductos que transportan la bilis desde el hígado hasta la vesícula biliar y el intestino delgado.

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La bilis es un líquido secretado por el hígado que contiene colesterol, sales biliares y productos de desecho como la bilirrubina. Las sales biliares ayudan a que el cuerpo descomponga (digiera) las grasas. La bilis sale del hígado a través de las vías biliares y se almacena en la vesícula. Después de una comida, es secretada en el intestino delgado.

Cuando las vías biliares se obstruyen, la bilis se acumula en el hígado y se desarrolla ictericia (color amarillo de la piel) debido al aumento de los niveles de bilirrubina en la sangre.

Las causas posibles de obstrucción de las vías biliares abarcan:

  • Quistes del conducto colédoco
  • Inflamación de los ganglios en el hilio hepático
  • Cálculos biliares
  • Inflamación de las vías biliares
  • Traumatismos como lesiones por cirugía de la vesícula
  • Tumores de las vías biliares o del páncreas
  • Otros tumores que se han diseminado al sistema biliar

Entre los factores de riesgo se pueden mencionar:

La obstrucción también puede ser causada por infecciones, lo cual es más frecuente en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/23/2010
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California.

Referencias

Attasaranya S, Fogel EL.. Choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Medical Clinics of North America. 2008 Jul;92(4).

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