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Enfermedad hepática alcohólica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Hepatopatía alcohólica; Cirrosis o hepatitis alcohólica; Cirrosis de Laennec

Definición:

Es un daño al hígado y su funcionamiento debido al consumo excesivo de alcohol.

Ver también:

Causas:

La hepatopatía alcohólica generalmente ocurre después de años de consumo excesivo de alcohol. A mayor duración y cantidad del consumo de alcohol, mayor es la probabilidad de padecer enfermedad hepática.

El alcohol puede causar hinchazón e inflamación (hepatitis) en el hígado. Con el tiempo, esto puede llevar a que se presente cicatrización y luego cirrosis de este órgano. La cirrosis es la fase final de la hepatopatía alcohólica.

Otros factores importantes abarcan:

  • La hepatopatía alcohólica puede ser más común en algunas familias.
  • Esta enfermedad no se presenta en todos los bebedores empedernidos.
  • Usted no tiene que embriagarse para que se desarrolle la enfermedad.
  • Las mujeres pueden ser más susceptibles que los hombres.

Las personas que beben demasiado con mucha frecuencia no obtienen los suficientes nutrientes y alimentos saludables. La desnutrición puede empeorar la enfermedad hepática.

La hepatitis alcohólica aguda puede ser causada por el consumo desenfrenado de licor (cinco tragos para los hombres, cuatro tragos para las mujeres) y puede ser mortal.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/13/2010
  • George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Carithers RL, McClain C. Alcoholic liver disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ. Feldman: Sleisinger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 84.

Schuppan D, Afdhal NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet. 2008;371:838-851.

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