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Pancreatitis aguda - Treatment

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento a menudo requiere hospitalización y puede implicar:

  • Analgésicos
  • Líquidos administrados por vía intravenosa (IV)
  • Suspender el consumo alimentos o líquidos por vía oral para limitar la actividad del páncreas

Ocasionalmente, se introducirá una sonda a través de la nariz o la boca para extraer los contenidos del estómago (succión nasogástrica). Esto se puede hacer si el vómito o el dolor fuerte no mejoran, o si se presenta un intestino paralizado (íleo paralítico). La sonda permanecerá puesta durante 1 ó 2 días hasta 1 a 2 semanas.

El tratamiento de la afección que causó el problema puede prevenir ataques recurrentes.

En algunos casos, se necesita terapia para:

  • Drenar el líquido que se ha acumulado en el páncreas o a su alrededor
  • Extirpar cálculos biliares
  • Aliviar obstrucciones del conducto pancreático

En la mayoría de los casos graves, es necesaria la cirugía para extirpar el tejido pancreático muerto o infectado.

Evite el tabaco, las bebidas alcohólicas y los alimentos grasosos después de que el ataque haya mejorado.

Pronóstico:

Aunque la mayoría de los casos desaparecen en una semana, algunos se convierten en una enfermedad potencialmente mortal.

La tasa de mortalidad es alta con:

  • Pancreatitis hemorrágica
  • Alteración hepática, cardíaca o renal
  • Pancreatitis necrosante

La pancreatitis puede reaparecer. La probabilidad de que retorne depende de la causa y de la efectividad con que se pueda tratar.

Posibles complicaciones:

Los episodios repetitivos de pancreatitis aguda pueden llevar a pancreatitis crónica.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte con el médico si:

  • Presenta dolor abdominal intenso y constante.
  • Desarrolla otros síntomas de pancreatitis aguda.
  • Reviewed last on: 1/20/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Banks PA, Freeman ML; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:2379-2400.

Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2008;371:143-152.

Owyang C. Pancreatitis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 147.

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