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Giardiasis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Giardia; Giardiosis: diarrea del viajero

Definición:

Es una infección del intestino delgado causada por un microorganismo (protozoo) llamado Giardia lamblia.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Los brotes de Giardia pueden ocurrir en las comunidades tanto de los países desarrollados como países en desarrollo, donde los suministros de agua han sido contaminados con aguas no tratadas.

Se puede contraer al beber agua de los lagos o corrientes donde habitan animales como los castores y ratas almizcleras o animales domésticos como las ovejas, que han causado la contaminación. También se propaga por contacto directo de una persona a otra, lo que ha causado brotes en instituciones como las guarderías.

Los viajeros en todo el mundo están en riesgo de contraer la infección. Los excursionistas y caminantes están en riesgo si beben aguas no tratadas provenientes de arroyos y lagos. Otros factores de riesgo incluyen:

  • Exposición a un miembro de la familia con giardiasis
  • Exposición en instituciones como guarderías o asilos de ancianos
  • Sexo anal sin protección
  • Reviewed last on: 5/25/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hill DR, Nash TE. Giardia lamblia. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 280.

Huston CD. Intestinal protozoa. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006: chap 106.

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