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Diarrea medicamentosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Diarrea asociada con medicamentos (diarrea farmacógena), Diarrea asociada con medicamentos

Definición:

Corresponde a heces sueltas y acuosas causadas por ciertos medicamentos.

Ver también: diarrea

Causas:

Casi todos los medicamentos pueden causar diarrea como efecto secundario. Sin embargo, los medicamentos que aparecen a continuación son más propensos a causar diarrea.

Laxantes:

  • Los laxantes están propuestos para producir diarrea al impulsar agua hacia el intestino o desencadenar espasmos musculares intestinales.
  • Tomar demasiado de un laxante puede causar diarrea.

Antiácidos y medicamentos para la pirosis:

  • Los antiácidos que contienen magnesio pueden causar o empeorar la diarrea.
  • Los fármacos utilizados para tratar la pirosis y las úlceras gástricas pueden causar diarrea, entre ellos: omeprazol (Prilosec), esomeprazol (Nexium), iansoprazol (Prevacid), rabeprazol (AcipHex) y pantoprazol (Protonix), (Pepsid), cimetidina (Tagamet), ranitidina (Zantac) y nizatidina (Axid).

Antibióticos:

  • Los antibióticos destruyen las bacterias normales del intestino, lo cual puede llevar a diarrea.
  • Algunos antibióticos favorecen la proliferación de un tipo de bacteria llamada Clostridium difficile. Esto puede llevar a una infección y producir una forma de diarrea acuosa y grave llamada colitis seudomembranosa.

Otros medicamentos y productos que frecuentemente causan diarrea abarcan:

  • Medicamentos quimioterapéuticos.
  • Medicamentos que inhiben el sistema inmunitario (como micofenolato).
  • Antinflamatorios no esteroides (AINES) utilizados para tratar el dolor y la artritis, entre ellos ibuprofeno.
  • Tés de hierbas de contienen sena.
  • Ciertas vitaminas, minerales y otros suplementos.
  • Reviewed last on: 1/10/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Schiller LR, Sellin JH. Diarrhea. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 15.

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