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Shigelosis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Gastroenteritis por Shigella; Enteritis por Shigella; Gastroenteritis a causa de Shigella

Definición:

Es una infección aguda del revestimiento del intestino.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La shigelosis es causada por un grupo de bacterias llamadas Shigella.

Existen varios tipos de Shigella:

  • La Shigella sonnei, también llamada Shigell a del grupo D, es responsable de la mayoría de los casos de shigelosis en los Estados Unidos.
  • La Shigella flexneri, o Shigella del grupo B, causa casi todos los otros casos.
  • La Shigella dysenteriae tipo 1 es rara en los EE. UU., pero puede llevar a brotes mortales en los países en desarrollo.

Las personas infectadas con la bacteria la excretan en sus heces. Las bacterias se pueden diseminar desde una persona infectada hasta contaminar el agua o los alimentos, o directamente a otra persona. Recibir tan sólo un poquito de la bacteria Shigella en la boca es suficiente para causar síntomas.

Los brotes de shigelosis están asociados con condiciones sanitarias deficientes, agua y alimentos contaminados, al igual que condiciones de vida en hacinamiento.

La shigelosis es común entre los viajeros a países en desarrollo y obreros o residentes de campos de refugiados.

En los Estados Unidos, se presentan aproximadamente 18.000 casos de shigelosis cada año y la afección se observa más comúnmente en guarderías y lugares similares.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/25/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

DuPont HL. Shigella species (bacillary dysentery). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 224.

Ochoa TJ, Cleary TG. Shigella. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 196.

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