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Malabsorción - All Information

Definición:

Es la dificultad para absorber los nutrientes provenientes de los alimentos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Muchas enfermedades pueden causar malabsorción. La malabsorción generalmente es la incapacidad para absorber ciertos azúcares, grasas, proteínas o vitaminas de los alimentos. También puede implicar una absorción general insuficiente de alimento.

Algunas de las causas de la malabsorción son, entre otras:

La absorción deficiente de la vitamina B12 puede deberse a:

Síntomas:

  • Distensión, cólicos y gases
  • Heces voluminosas
  • Diarrea crónica (puede no ocurrir con la absorción de vitamina)
  • Retraso en el crecimiento
  • Heces grasosas (esteatorrea)
  • Atrofia muscular
  • Pérdida de peso

La malabsorción puede afectar el crecimiento y el desarrollo o puede llevar a enfermedades específicas.

Signos y exámenes:

Tratamiento:

A menudo es necesaria la reposición de nutrientes y vitaminas.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico depende de la afección causante de la malabsorción.

Complicaciones:

La malabsorción prolongada puede ocasionar:

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si nota síntomas de malabsorción.

Prevención:

Los métodos preventivos dependen de la afección causante de la malabsorción.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/7/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Semrad CE, Powell DW. Approach to the patient with diarrhea and malabsorption. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 143.

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