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Diabetes tipo 1 - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Diabetes insulino-dependiente; Diabetes de comienzo juvenil; Diabetes de tipo 1

Definición:

Es una enfermedad crónica (de por vida) en la cual hay altos niveles de azúcar (glucosa en la sangre).

Ver también:

Causas:

La diabetes tipo 1 puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero se diagnostica con mayor frecuencia en niños, adolescentes o adultos jóvenes.

La insulina es una hormona producida por células especiales, llamadas beta, en el páncreas, un órgano localizado en el área por detrás del estómago. La insulina se necesita para movilizar el azúcar de la sangre (glucosa) hasta las células, donde se almacena y se utiliza después para obtener energía. En la diabetes tipo 1, estas células producen poca o ninguna insulina.

Sin la insulina suficiente, la glucosa se acumula en el torrente sanguíneo en lugar de entrar en las células y el cuerpo es incapaz de usarla para obtener energía. Esto lleva a los síntomas de diabetes tipo 1.

La causa exacta de este tipo de diabetes se desconoce, pero la más probable es un trastorno autoinmunitario. Una infección o algún otro desencadenante provoca que el cuerpo ataque por error las células productoras de insulina del páncreas. Este tipo de trastorno se puede transmitir de padres a hijos.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/28/2011
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, ed. Kliegman: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2011:chap 583.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2011. Diabetes Care. 2011. 34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.

Eisenbarth GS, Polonsky KS, Buse JB. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 31.

Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010. 121:2694-2701.

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