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Diabetes tipo 2 - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Diabetes de tipo 2; Diabetes no insulinodependiente; Diabetes de aparición en adultos

Definición:

La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad que dura toda la vida (crónica) en la cual hay altos niveles de azúcar (glucosa) en la sangre. La diabetes tipo 2 es la forma más común de esta enfermedad.

Ver también:

Causas:

La diabetes es causada por un problema en la forma como el cuerpo produce o utiliza la insulina. La insulina es necesaria para mover el azúcar en la sangre (glucosa) hasta las células, donde ésta se almacena y se usa posteriormente como fuente de energía.

Cuando usted tiene diabetes tipo 2, la grasa, el hígado y las células musculares normalmente no responden a dicha insulina. Esto se denomina resistencia a la insulina. Como resultado, el azúcar de la sangre no entra en las células con el fin de ser almacenado para obtener energía.

Cuando el azúcar no puede entrar en las células, se acumulan niveles anormalmente altos de éste en la sangre, lo cual se denomina hiperglucemia.

Por lo general, la diabetes tipo 2 se desarrolla lentamente con el tiempo. La mayoría de las personas con esta enfermedad tienen sobrepeso en el momento del diagnóstico. El aumento de la grasa le dificulta al cuerpo el uso de la insulina de la manera correcta.

La diabetes tipo 2 puede presentarse también en personas delgadas y es más común en los ancianos.

Los antecedentes familiares y los genes juegan un papel importante en la diabetes tipo 2. Un bajo nivel de actividad, una dieta deficiente y el peso corporal excesivo (especialmente alrededor de la cintura) aumentan el riesgo. Ver también: diabetes tipo 2 para conocer una lista de factores de riesgo.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/28/2011
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.

Eisenbarth GS, Polonsky KS, Buse JB. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 31.

Pignone M, Alberts MJ, colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010;121:2694-2701.

Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, Banel D, Jensen MD, Pories WJ, Bantle JP, Sledge I. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009 Mar;122(3):248-256.e5. Review. PubMed PMID: 19272486.

ACCORD Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Buse JB, et al. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:818-828.

Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman R, ed. 19th ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011: chap 583.

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