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Hemocromatosis - Overview

Definición:

Es un trastorno que ocasiona la absorción de demasiada cantidad de hierro del tubo digestivo.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La hemocromatosis ocurre cuando se acumula demasiado hierro en el cuerpo.

Hay dos formas de hemocromatosis: primaria y secundaria.

La hemocromatosis primaria generalmente es causada por un problema genético específico que provoca la absorción de demasiado hierro. Cuando las personas con esta afección tienen demasiado hierro en su alimentación, el hierro extra se absorbe en el tubo digestivo y se acumula en los tejidos corporales, particularmente en el hígado, dando como resultado una hepatomegalia. La hemocromatosis primaria es el trastorno genético más común en los Estados Unidos y afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 200 a 300 estadounidenses.

La hemocromatosis secundaria o adquirida puede ser causada por enfermedades como la talasemia o la anemia sideroblástica, especialmente si la persona ha recibido un gran número de transfusiones. En ocasiones, se puede observar con anemia hemolítica, alcoholismo crónico y otras afecciones.

La hemocromatosis afecta más a los hombres que a las mujeres y es particularmente común en personas de raza blanca originarias del occidente de Europa. Los síntomas se observan a menudo en hombres entre los 30 y los 50 años, y en mujeres mayores de 50 años, aunque algunas personas pueden presentar problemas hacia la edad de 20 años. Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir hemocromatosis si alguien más en su familia tiene o ha padecido esta afección.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/12/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bacon BR. Iron overload (hemochromatosis) In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 231.

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