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Prolactinoma - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Prolactinoma en las mujeres; Adenoma secretante; Adenoma hipofisario secretor de prolactina

Definición:

Es un tumor hipofisario no canceroso que produce una hormona llamada prolactina. Esto ocasiona la presencia de demasiada prolactina en la sangre.

Causas:

La prolactina es una hormona que activa las mamas para producir leche (lactancia).

El prolactinoma es el tipo más común de tumor hipofisario (adenoma), representando por lo menos el 30% de todos los adenomas de la hipófisis. La mayoría de los tumores hipofisarios no son cancerosos (benignos). Un prolactinoma se puede presentar como parte de un trastorno hereditario llamado neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 (NEM 1).

Los prolactinomas ocurren con mayor frecuencia en personas menores de 40 años. Estos tumores son más o menos cinco veces más comunes en mujeres que en hombres, pero son raros en los niños.

Por lo menos la mitad de todos los prolactinomas son muy pequeños (menos de 1 cm o 3/8 de una pulgada en diámetro). Estos microprolactinomas son más comunes en las mujeres. Muchos de los tumores pequeños permanecen de ese tamaño y nunca crecen.

Los tumores más grandes, llamados macroprolactinomas, son más comunes en los hombres. Los prolactinomas en los hombres tienden a ocurrir a una edad avanzada y pueden crecer hasta un tamaño grande antes de que aparezca algún síntoma.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/23/2009
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Melmed S, Kleinberg D. Anterior pituitary. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 8.

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