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Insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Crisis suprarrenal aguda; Crisis suprarrenal; Crisis addisoniana

Definición:

Es una afección potencialmente mortal que ocurre cuando hay insuficiencia de cortisol, una hormona producida por las glándulas suprarrenales.

Causas:

Las dos glándulas suprarrenales se localizan en la parte superior de los riñones y constan de una parte externa, denominada corteza, y una parte interna, denominada médula. La corteza produce tres tipos de hormonas, todas llamadas corticosteroides.

El cortisol es un glucocorticoide, un corticosteroide que:

Una pequeña glándula, ubicada justo bajo el cerebro denominada hipófisis, regula la producción de cortisol, el cual es esencial para la vida.

La insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda ocurre cuando:

  • Hay daño en la glándula suprarrenal (enfermedad de Addison, insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria).
  • Hay lesión de la hipófisis (insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria).
  • La insuficiencia suprarrenal no se ha tratado adecuadamente.

Los factores de riesgo para la insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda abarcan:

  • Deshidratación
  • Infección u otro estrés físico
  • Lesión de la glándula suprarrenal o de la hipófisis
  • Suspensión de un tratamiento con esteroides, como la prednisona o la hidrocortisona, de manera muy prematura
  • Cirugía
  • Traumatismo
  • Reviewed last on: 11/23/2009
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Stewart PM. The adrenal cortex. In: Kronenberg H, Melmed S, Polonsky K, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 14.

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