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Intolerancia hereditaria a la fructosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Fructosemia; Deficiencia de fructosa aldolasa B; Intolerancia a la fructosa; Deficiencia de Fructosa 1,6 bifosfato aldolasa

Definición:

Es un trastorno en el cual una persona carece de la proteína necesaria para descomponer la fructosa, un azúcar de las frutas que se presenta en forma natural en el cuerpo. La fructosa artificial se utiliza como edulcorante en muchos alimentos, incluyendo los alimentos y bebidas para bebés.

Causas:

Esta afección ocurre cuando el cuerpo carece de una sustancia llamada aldolasa B, la cual se necesita para descomponer la fructosa.

Si una persona sin esta sustancia come fructosa y sacarosa (azúcar de la caña o de la remolacha o azúcar común), se presentan cambios químicos complejos en su cuerpo. El cuerpo no puede transformar su material de almacenamiento de energía, el glucógeno, en glucosa y, como resultado, el azúcar en la sangre disminuye y se acumulan sustancias peligrosas en el hígado.

Este tipo de intolerancia a la fructosa es hereditaria, lo cual quiere decir que se transmite de padres a hijos. Si ambos padres portan un gen anormal, cada uno de sus hijos tendrá un 25% de probabilidades de resultar afectado. En algunos países europeos, la afección se presenta en 1 de cada 20,000 personas.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/15/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Steinmann B, Santer R, van den Berghe G. Disorders of Fructose Metabolism. In: Fernandes J, Saudubray JM, van den Berghe G, Walter JH, eds. Inborn Metabolic Diseases. 4th ed. New York, NY:Springer;2006:chap 9.

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