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Hipercalcemia - Treatment

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento está dirigido a la causa de la hipercalcemia cuando sea posible. En casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario más grave, se puede necesitar cirugía para extirpar la(s) glándula(s) paratiroide(s) anormal(es) y curar la hipercalciemia.

Sin embargo, si su hipercalcemia es leve y es causada por hiperparatiroidismo primario, el médico muy probablemente le recomendará que no se someta a la cirugía, pero vigilará cuidadosamente su afección durante un tiempo.

La hipercalcemia grave que causa síntomas y requiere de hospitalización se trata con lo siguiente:

  • Calcitonina
  • Diálisis
  • Diuréticos como furosemida
  • Fármacos que detienen la resorción ósea como el pamidronato o el etidronato (bifosfonatos)
  • Líquidos administrados a través de una vena (líquidos intravenosos)
  • Glucocorticoides (esteroides)

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico depende de la causa de la hipercalcemia. A los pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo o hipercalcemia leves con una causa curable les va bien y no tienen complicaciones.

Los pacientes con hipercalcemia debido a afecciones como el cáncer o la enfermedad granulomatosa pueden no tener un buen pronóstico, pero esto se debe por lo regular a la enfermedad en sí, más que a la hipercalcemia.

Complicaciones:

Gastrointestinales:

Renales:

Psicológicos:

  • Depresión
  • Dificultad para concentrarse o pensar

Esqueléticos:

Las complicaciones de la hipercalcemia prolongada son poco frecuentes hoy en día.

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con su médico o profesional de la salud si tiene:

  • Antecedentes familiares de hipercalcemia
  • Antecedentes familiares de hiperparatiroidismo
  • Síntomas de hipercalcemia
  • Reviewed last on: 1/21/2010
  • Robert Cooper, MD, Endocrinology Specialist and Chief of Medicine, Holyoke Medical Center, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bringhurst R, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 27.

Wysolmerski JJ, Insogna KL. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 266.

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