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Síndrome de Turner - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Bonnevie-Ullrich; Disgenesia gonadal; Monosomía X

Definición:

Es una afección genética en la cual una mujer no tiene el par normal de dos cromosomas X.

Causas:

Los seres humanos tienen 46 cromosomas, los cuales contienen todos los genes y el ADN, los pilares fundamentales del cuerpo. Dos de estos cromosomas, los cromosomas sexuales, determinan si una persona ha de ser hombre o mujer. Las mujeres normalmente tienen dos de los mismos cromosomas sexuales, que se escriben como XX, mientras que los hombres tienen un cromosoma X y un cromosoma Y, que se escriben como XY.

En el síndrome de Turner, el cual sólo ocurre en las mujeres, a las células les falta todo o parte de un cromosoma X. Lo más común es que la paciente femenina tenga sólo un cromosoma X; mientras que otras pueden tener dos cromosomas X, pero uno de ellos está incompleto. Algunas veces, una mujer tiene algunas células con los dos cromosomas X, pero otras células tienen sólo uno.

El síndrome de Turner se presenta en aproximadamente 1 de cada 2.000 nacimientos vivos.

  • Reviewed last on: 10/14/2009
  • Luc Jasmin, MD, PhD, Departments of Anatomy and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Morgan T. Turner syndrome: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:405-410.

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