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Cáncer de próstata - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cáncer de la próstata; Biopsia de próstata; Biopsia de la próstata; Puntaje de Gleason

Definición:

Es el cáncer que empieza en la glándula prostática. La próstata es una pequeña estructura del tamaño de una nuez que forma parte del aparato reproductor masculino y rodea la uretra, el conducto que transporta la orina fuera del cuerpo.

Causas:

El cáncer de próstata es la tercera causa más común de muerte por cáncer en hombres de todas las edades y la causa más común de las muertes por cáncer en hombres mayores de 75 años de edad. Este tipo de cáncer rara vez se encuentra en hombres menores de 40 años de edad.

Las personas que están en riesgo abarcan:

  • Hombres de raza negra, que también son propensos a padecer cáncer en todas las edades
  • Hombres mayores de 60 años
  • Hombres que tengan un padre o hermano con cáncer de próstata

Otras personas en riesgo abarcan:

  • Hombres expuestos al agente naranja
  • Hombres que abusan del alcohol
  • Granjeros
  • Hombres que consumen una dieta rica en grasa, especialmente grasa animal
  • Trabajadores en plantas de llantas
  • Pintores
  • Hombres que han estado expuestos al cadmio

El menor número de casos ocurre en hombres japoneses que viven en Japón (este beneficio se pierde después de una generación de vivir en los Estados Unidos) y en aquéllos que no comen carne (vegetarianos).

Un problema común en casi todos los hombres a medida que envejecen es el agrandamiento de la próstata (hiperplasia prostática benigna o HPB). Este problema no eleva su riesgo de cáncer de próstata.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/23/2010
  • Scott Miller, MD, Urologist in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RI 3rd, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1310-1319.

Babaian RJ, Donnelly B, Bahn D, Baust JG, Dineen M, Ellis D, et al. Best practice statement on cryosurgery for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2008;180:1993-2004.

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate cancer. V.2.2009. Accessed June 2009.

Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1320-1328.

Walsh PC, DeWeese TL, et al. Clinical practice: localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(26):2696-2705.

Walsh PC. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 1;362(13):1237-8.

Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(6):435-448.

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