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Hipoparatiroidismo - Treatment

Tratamiento:

El objetivo del tratamiento es restaurar el equilibrio del calcio y minerales en el organismo.

El tratamiento consiste en suplementos de carbonato de calcio y vitamina D, que generalmente se tienen que tomar de por vida. Se miden regularmente los niveles en la sangre para constatar que la dosis sea correcta. Se recomienda una dieta alta en calcio y baja en fósforo.

A las personas que tienen ataques de bajos niveles de calcio potencialmente mortales o contracciones musculares prolongadas se les suministra calcio por vía intravenosa. Se toman precauciones para prevenir convulsiones o espasmos de la laringe y se vigila el corazón para detectar ritmos anormales hasta que la persona se estabiliza. Una vez controlado el episodio potencialmente mortal, el tratamiento continúa con medicamentos orales.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

Si se hace un diagnóstico temprano, es probable que el pronóstico sea bueno. Sin embargo, los cambios en los dientes, el desarrollo de cataratas y las calcificaciones cerebrales son irreversibles.

Complicaciones:

El hipoparatiroidismo en los niños puede llevar a retardo en el crecimiento, malformación de los dientes y desarrollo mental lento.

El tratamiento excesivo con vitamina D y calcio puede producir hipercalciemia (altos niveles de calcio en la sangre) y algunas veces interferir con el funcionamiento renal.

El hipoparatiroidismo incrementa el riesgo de anemia perniciosa, enfermedad de Addison, desarrollo de cataratas y mal de Parkinson.

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Consulte con el médico si presenta cualquier síntoma de hipoparatiroidismo.

Las convulsiones y los problemas respiratorios son situaciones de emergencia. Llame al número local de emergencias (911 en los Estados Unidos) inmediatamente.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2010
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wysolmerski JJ, Insogna KL. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In: Kronenberg HM, Schlomo M, Polansky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2008:chap. 266.

Bringhurst FR, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Schlomo M, Polansky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2008:chap. 27.

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