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Hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Kallmann; Deficiencia de gonadotropina; Hipogonadismo secundario

Definición:

El hipogonadismo se presenta cuando las glándulas sexuales producen pocas o ninguna hormona. En los hombres, estas glándulas (gónadas) son los testículos y, en las mujeres, los ovarios.

El hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico es una forma de hipogonadismo que se debe a un problema con la hipófisis o el hipotálamo. Estas glándulas se encuentran en el cerebro o cerca de éste.

Ver también: hipogonadismo.

Causas:

Normalmente, el hipotálamo en el cerebro segrega hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GnRH, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual estimula la hipófisis a segregar otras hormonas, entre ellas, la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) y la hormona luteinizante (HL).

Normalmente, estas hormonas estimulan los ovarios femeninos y los testículos masculinos para que secreten hormonas que llevan al desarrollo sexual normal en la pubertad.

  • Antes de la pubertad, cualquier cambio en esta cadena de liberación hormonal ocasiona una deficiencia de las hormonas sexuales e impide la maduración sexual normal.
  • Si el problema ocurre después de la pubertad, el desarrollo sexual puede ser normal, pero puede haber síntomas de niveles bajos de hormonas sexuales (como síntomas de menopausia en las mujeres y disfunción sexual en los hombres).

El síndrome de Kallmann es una forma hereditaria de hipogonadismo hipergonadotrópico que puede ocurrir con una pérdida del olfato.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/26/2011
  • Nancy J. Rennert, MD, Chief of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Norwalk Hospital, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Styne DM, Grumbach MM. Puberty: Ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2011:chap 25.

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