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Hipertrigliceridemia familiar - Overview

Definición:

Es un trastorno frecuente que se transmite de padres a hijos, en el cual los niveles de triglicéridos (un tipo de grasa) en la sangre de una persona son más altos de lo normal.

Esta afección no está asociada con un aumento significativo en los niveles de colesterol.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La hipertrigliceridemia familiar es causada por un defecto genético que se transmite de manera autosómica dominante. Esto significa que si usted recibe una copia mala del gen de sólo uno de sus padres, tendrá la enfermedad.

Algunas personas con esta afección también presentan niveles altos de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL). La razón por la cual se presenta este aumento en los niveles de triglicéridos y VLDL aún no se comprende.

La hipertrigliceridemia familiar no suele manifestarse sino hasta la pubertad o principios de la edad adulta. La obesidad, la hiperglucemia (altos niveles de glucosa en la sangre) y los altos niveles de insulina con frecuencia también están presentes y pueden ocasionar niveles de triglicéridos incluso más elevados.

La hipertrigliceridemia familiar se presenta aproximadamente en 1 de cada 500 individuos en los Estados Unidos. Los factores de riesgo son un antecedente familiar de dicha enfermedad o de cardiopatía antes de la edad de 50 años.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/23/2010
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine.

Referencias

Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Bersot TP. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 36.

Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.

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