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Neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) II - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Sipple; NEM II

Definición:

La neoplasia endocrina múltiple II (NEM II) es un trastorno hereditario en el cual una o más de las glándulas endocrinas están demasiado activas o forman un tumor. Las glándulas endocrinas más comúnmente involucradas abarcan:

  • Suprarrenales (aproximadamente la mitad de las veces)
  • Paratiroides (20% de las veces)
  • Tiroides (casi todo el tiempo)

Ver también: neoplasia endocrina múltiple I (NEM I)

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La causa de la NEM II es un defecto en un gen llamado RET. Este defecto hace que muchos tumores aparezcan en la misma persona, pero no necesariamente al mismo tiempo. El tumor suprarrenal se denomina feocromocitoma y el tumor tiroideo es un carcinoma medular de la tiroides.

Los tumores comprometen múltiples partes de la glándula tiroides o más de una de las glándulas paratiroides y suprarrenales. Los tumores en las glándulas tiroides, paratiroides y suprarrenales pueden ocurrir separados por años.

El trastorno puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y afecta por igual a hombres y mujeres. El factor principal de riesgo es un antecedente familiar de NEM II.

Existen dos subtipos de NEM II: NEM IIa y NEM IIb; este último es el menos común.

  • Reviewed last on: 3/2/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kronenberg HM. Polyglandular disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 250.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Neuroendocrine Tumors. National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 2009. Version 2.2009.

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