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Espondilosis cervical - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Osteoartritis cervical; Artritis del cuello; Artritis cervical; Dolor cervical crónico

Definición:

Es un trastorno en el cual hay un desgaste anormal en el cartílago y los huesos del cuello (vértebras cervicales). Es una causa común de dolor cervical crónico.

Ver también:

Causas:

La espondilosis cervical es causada por el desgaste crónico de la columna cervical. Esto incluye los discos o amortiguadores entre las vértebras del cuello y las articulaciones entre los huesos de la columna cervical. Pueden presentarse crecimientos anormales o "espolones" en los huesos de la columna (vértebras).

Estos cambios pueden, con el tiempo, causar presión sobre (comprimir) una o más de las raíces de los nervios. En casos avanzados, la médula espinal resulta comprometida. Esto puede afectar no sólo los brazos sino también las piernas.

El desgaste y desgarre diarios pueden iniciar estos cambios. Las personas que son muy activas en el trabajo o en los deportes pueden ser más propensas a padecerlos

El factor de riesgo más importante es el envejecimiento. A los 60 años, la mayoría de las mujeres y los hombres muestran signos de espondilosis cervical en las radiografías. Otros factores que pueden hacer a una persona más propensa a desarrollar espondilosis son:

  • Reviewed last on: 6/4/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Rosenbaum RB, Ciaverella DP. Disorders of bones, joints, ligaments, and meninges. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008:chap 77.

Cohen I, Jouve C. Cervical radiculopathy. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 4.

Devereaux M. Neck pain. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93:273-284.

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