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Estenosis raquídea - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Seudoclaudicación; Estenosis raquídea central; Estenosis del agujero vertebral

Definición:

Es un estrechamiento de la médula espinal que causa presión sobre ésta, o estrechamiento de las aberturas (llamadas agujeros intervertebrales) por donde los nervios raquídeos salen de la columna vertebral.

Causas:

La estenosis raquídea por lo general ocurre a medida que una persona envejece y los discos se vuelven más resecos y empiezan a encogerse. Al mismo tiempo, los huesos y los ligamentos de la columna vertebral se hinchan o crecen debido a la artritis o a la hinchazón (inflamación) crónica.

La estenosis raquídea también puede ser causada por:

  • Artritis que compromete la columna, por lo general en personas de mediana edad o de edad avanzada.
  • Enfermedades óseas, como la enfermedad de Paget del hueso y la acondroplasia.
  • Anomalía o crecimiento en la columna presente desde el nacimiento (defecto congénito).
  • Hernia discal o de disco, lo cual con frecuencia ocurrió en el pasado.
  • Lesión que causa presión sobre las raíces de los nervios o la médula espinal.
  • Tumores en la columna.
  • Reviewed last on: 6/4/2011
  • C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Blood E, Hanscom B, et al. Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:794-810.

Katz JN, Harris MB. Clinical practice. Lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:818-825.

Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, et al. Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. Four-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Spine. 2010;35:1329-1338.

Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee Ej, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD. Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. Spine. 2009;34:1094-1109.

Chou R, Atlas SJ, Stanos SP, Rosenquist RW. Nonsurgical interventional therapies for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. Spine. 2009;34:1078-1093.

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